Why Do Gay Men Face Such A High Risk Across These 25 Devastating Health Issues?
Why Are Gay Men Hit So Hard By These 25 Awful Health Problems?
Author & columnist, featured on HBO, NPR, and in The New York Times
Are you sitting down? You should be. Being gay means you're 16% more likely to suffer a heart attack than straight men.
You're 38% more inclined to smoke, over double the chance of battling ulcerative colitis, and your risk of depression?
It skyrockets by 300%.
It doesn't end there. We've compiled a list of illnesses, infections, diseases, conditions and behaviors that affect gay men substantially more than straight men. Take a look:
| Condition | Prevalence in Gay Men | Prevalence in Straight Men/Heterosexuals | % Increase in Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Chrohn's Disease | 0.80% | 0.49% | 63% |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Ulcerative Colitis | 1.26% | 0.52% | 142% |
| Cardiovascular Health (Overall) | 16% higher than general population | NA | 16% |
| High Blood Pressure | 24% more likely than men | NA | 24% |
| Stroke | 34% more likely than general population | NA | 34% |
| Heart Attacks | Slightly elevated | NA | Slightly Elevated |
| Smoking | 33.20% | Straight men stats NA. General population rates are 12.3% | 38% |
| Homelessness | 2x rate of general population | NA | 200% |
| HPV: Anal Cancer | 6.10% | 0.002% | 304900% |
| HIV | 7% | 0.0012% | 583233% |
| Hepatitis A | N/A but 10% more likely to have it than the general population | NA | 10% |
| Hepatitis B | N/A but 20% more likely to have it than the general population | NA | 20% |
| Hepatitis C | Unknown but likely higher from observational studies | NA | Unknown but likely higher |
| Gonorrhea | In STD clinic study 30.31% among gay men | 19.83% | 53% |
| Syphillis | In STD clinic study 1.08% among gay men | 0.340% | 218% |
| Anal Warts | In STD clinic study 2.90% among gay men | 0.26% | 1015% |
| Monkeypox | NA | NA | 98% of cases are among men who have sex with men |
| Alcohol | 25% | 9% | 178% |
| Drugs | 20% | 9% | 122% |
| Depression | 35% | 8.75% | 300% |
| Anxiety | 41.20% | 19.80% | 113% |
| Body Dysmorphia | 32% | 24% | 33% |
| Eating Disorders | 15% | 5% | 200% |
| Suicide | 2.10 to 4.23 times more likely than general population | NA | 316% |
Why are things so bad for gay men in so many health outcomes?
Is there an inherent aspect of being gay that predisposes us to these dire statistics? What do epidemiologists and other experts attribute these awful numbers to? We're about to take a deep dive into each of these health categories that seem to be chasing us like relentless predators, intent on making us their prey, and uncover why we're so disproportionately represented.
But let's not beat around the bush here. Part of the problem? It's on us. Sometimes, the way we try to deal with all this pressure isn't exactly top-notch. We might smoke more, drink more, or make other iffy choices just trying to feel a bit better. It's like we're in this tough spot, trying to juggle feeling good now with what's good for us in the long run.
Experts back this up. They're saying the constant grind, the feeling like you're always on the outside looking in, it pushes some of us towards habits that are no good for our health. And then there's feeling all alone in this. Without solid backup, it's tougher to handle health issues or even ask for help when we need it.
So, what's the game plan? Acknowledging this stuff is key. We've got to face up to the fact that while society's got its issues, some of this is on us to change. We need to make smarter choices, look out for each other, and demand better care that actually fits our lives. It's about time we tackled this, together.
Let's do a deep dive into each of these health outcomes. In this article we're going to concentrate on physical health. We have another comprehensive exploration on LGBT Mental Health here.
Gay Physical Health
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Cardiovascular Health
- Cardiac and circulatory system problems
- Strokes
Smoking
LGBT SEXUAL Health
STD's (STI's)--Sexually transmitted diseases
Infectious Diseases
Chart Comparing Hepatitis A, B & C
Cancer
Gay Wellness
Cardiovascular Health
The connection between sexual orientation and heart disease in men has been an evolving area of research. Initial studies in the 1990s and early 2000s suggested gay men may have higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to straight men. However, more recent research indicates a complex relationship between sexual orientation, specific risk factors, and heart disease prevalence.
Looking at the numbers, a 2001 Dutch study of 4,000+ young adults found that men who have sex with men (including gay men) had a 1.5 to 2 times higher chance of having adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared to heterosexual men.1 A 2009 systematic review corroborated this, showing sexual minority men experienced more cardiovascular risk factors like smoking and stress. However, diagnoses of coronary heart disease (CHD) were similar between gay and straight men.2
New research is further nuancing our understanding. A landmark 2022 study of over 12,000 men found bisexual males actually have the highest CHD rates among men of any sexual orientation.
Bisexual men demonstrated higher levels of mental distress, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes compared to heterosexual males. For example, 40% of bisexual men experienced psychological distress versus 15% of heterosexual men. And 15% of bisexual men were obese compared to 5% of heterosexual men.
We should note that metabolic syndrome leads to cardiovascular distress and in this area gay men are sadly over-represented. You can check out how
here and
here.
Cardiovascular Health
High Blood Pressure
Why do gay men have higher blood pressure than straight Men?
Researchers believe stigma and discrimination play a key role by increasing stress levels in several ways. Experiences of prejudice, homophobic harassment, and denying one's identity can directly increase stress hormones like cortisol. One study found gay men who conceal their sexual orientation have higher ambulatory blood pressure compared to both heterosexual men and gay men who are open about their identity.
Discrimination in housing, jobs, and healthcare may also indirectly cause stress by reducing economic and social support systems. Studies show LGBTQ individuals face barriers to health insurance and preventative services due to biases among providers. A lack of culturally competent care reduces access to screenings, counseling, and early treatment.
At the same time, individual lifestyle factors also likely contribute to the disparities. Research shows gay and bisexual men have higher rates of smoking compared to heterosexual men.
A meta-analysis found gay males are 2.4 times more likely to smoke than straight males. Tobacco use directly increases blood pressure. Similarly, some studies indicate gay men report higher rates of heavy drinking compared to heterosexual men. Excess alcohol consumption can damage blood vessels, heart muscle, and interfere with hypertension medications.
Higher blood pressure rates among gay men are a complex phenomenon with both social and individual level contributors. Reducing discrimination in society and healthcare could help decrease stress-related risks. But improving health behaviors through culturally tailored counseling and treatment is still an important piece of the puzzle. A multifaceted approach accounting for all factors will be needed to address these cardiovascular health disparities.
These findings suggest complex interplays between sexual orientation, psychosocial factors, and physical health. Experts posit that stigma and discrimination may contribute to mental health struggles in sexual minority groups. A 2022 meta-analysis found lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults had a 2 times higher risk of depression and anxiety disorders versus heterosexuals.4 Poor mental health is associated with unhealthy coping mechanisms like smoking, drinking, and inactivity – all cardiovascular risk factors.
Additionally, differences in healthcare access, provider biases, and patient disclosure may impact preventative screening and chronic disease management. A 2021 study found 23% of sexual minority men reported a healthcare visit where the provider was uncomfortable with their sexual orientation versus just 5% of heterosexual men.5 As a result, sexual minority patients are less likely to access preventative care or have chronic conditions properly monitored.
In summary, research reveals a complex picture regarding heart disease prevalence across sexual orientations. While initial studies suggested gay men may have higher CHD rates, more recent data indicates bisexual males face the greatest cardiovascular risks. Mental health disparities, healthcare biases, and gaps in preventative care likely contribute. Moving forward, culturally competent care and further research on subgroup differences are needed to address these cardiovascular health inequities.
How High Blood Pressure Affects Gay Men
MILD
James, a 32-year old gay man, found out he had high blood pressure during a routine check-up. With stage 1 hypertension, James' systolic blood pressure ranged 140-159 mm Hg and diastolic 90-99 mm Hg.
He experienced occasional headaches but no severe symptoms. However, James' provider stressed even mild hypertension can increase future cardiovascular risks. They developed a treatment plan including lifestyle changes and medication if needed. One year later, James successfully reduced his blood pressure through diet, exercise, and stress management.
MODERATE
Others like Diego aren't as fortunate. At age 42, Diego has stage 2 hypertension with systolic readings averaging 160-179 mm Hg and diastolic 100-109 mm Hg. Diego has struggled with medication adherence due to cost issues, forgetfulness, and side effects.
Over time, uncontrolled blood pressure led to atherosclerosis, stiffening arteries, and an enlarged heart. Diego experiences frequent moderate headaches, dizziness, and shortness of breath. He was hospitalized last year for a hypertensive crisis. Diego's case shows how untreated stage 2 hypertension can significantly impact health.
SEVERE
Finally, there's Andre who is battling severe complications of long-term uncontrolled high blood pressure. Now 54, Andre has stage 3 hypertension with systolic pressure over 180 mm Hg and diastolic over 110 mm Hg. For years, Andre avoided screening and medications due to mistrust of healthcare providers. But the damage has been done. Andre now has heart failure, kidney disease, and had a hemorrhagic stroke. He experiences chest pain, fatigue, confusion, and fluctuating blood pressure that's difficult to manage even with medication. Andre's experience demonstrates the eventual outcomes of unmanaged stage 3 hypertension.
Gay Wellness & LGBT Health
Strokes
Emerging research shows sexual minority men may face higher risks of early and recurrent stroke compared to heterosexual men. Statistics indicate a correlation, but the exact causes require further study.
A 2021 study of over 800 stroke patients in San Francisco shed light on this phenomenon. It found sexual minority men had a 4 times higher likelihood of stroke before age 60 compared to heterosexual men.1 Overall, 12% of sexual minority male stroke patients were under 60 versus just 3% of heterosexual male patients.
The Effect of Strokes on Gay Men
We can look at real patient stories to understand the physical toll of strokes. Gary, a 36 year old gay man, suddenly lost strength on his left side and struggled to speak. He was diagnosed with an ischemic stroke cutting off blood flow to the right side of his brain. Now, 6 months later, Gary still requires a cane to walk due to lingering paralysis.
Or Marcus, a 50 year old gay man, who had a hemorrhagic stroke causing bleeding into his brainstem. Marcus spent 2 weeks in a coma and intensive rehab. He survives but with permanent vision, balance, and coordination loss.
"Minority Stress" is a Huge Culprit
While more physician research is needed, medical experts believe minority stress associated with discrimination may play a contributing role in stroke disparities among gay men. Experiencing prejudice, concealing one's identity, and coping with bias daily can chronically elevate stress hormones and blood pressure - increasing stroke risks.
However, doctors caution it is likely a complex interplay of factors including genetics, comorbidities like HIV, and delays in diagnosis or treatment in some gay male patients. Bias among healthcare providers may also reduce access to preventative screening and stroke rehabilitation adherence.
In Gary's case, a genetic clotting disorder was the primary cause. But his physician believes chronic stress from workplace harassment and internalized homophobia contributed by elevating Gary's baseline blood pressure.
For Marcus, an HIV-related infection appears to have damaged his blood vessels and increased clotting. But his doctor notes Marcus was also anxious about being outed when previously hospitalized, which may have hindered care.
In summary, while a definitive causal relationship remains unknown, correlational data and clinical experience suggest minority stress may play a contributing role in observed stroke disparities among gay men. However, more research is needed to fully understand the complex interactions involved. Expanding culturally competent care and reducing societal discrimination should remain priorities regardless.
Gay Wellness & LGBT Health
Heart Attacks
Emerging data indicates gay and bisexual men may face distinct risks of heart attacks compared to heterosexual men.
Statistics help quantify the disparities. A major 2018 study found only 92% of gay men had ideal heart health metrics versus 95% of straight men. Ideal factors include healthy blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose levels, and weight.1 This 3% gap may seem small, but cardiovascular risks rise exponentially as metrics decline.
Dr. Patel, a cardiologist, sees the real world consequences in patients like Marco. Marco is a 52-year old gay man who had a major heart attack last year requiring emergency stenting of a blocked artery. He has struggled with obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes for years - common among Dr. Patel's gay male heart attack patients.
Dr. Patel notes that while genetics play a role, psychosocial factors in the LGBTQ community likely contribute to Marco’s elevated risk profile. Experiences of stigma, concealment of identity, and absence of social support frequently lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms like overeating, smoking, and avoiding medical care.
Research corroborates Dr. Patel’s observations. A 2022 study found bisexual men had higher rates of multiple heart attack risk factors including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and psychological distress compared to heterosexual men.2 For example, 40% of bisexual men in the study dealt with mental health issues versus just 15% of heterosexual participants.
However, Dr. Singh, another cardiologist, notes heart attack rates can vary based on lifestyle factors in any population. She treated Hank, a 67-year old gay patient who had a heart attack despite a lifetime of ideal health metrics. Genetics were likely the driving factor in Hank’s case.
Additionally, Dr. Singh suggests more research is needed on subgroup differences. Transgender men may have distinct risk profiles that differ from cisgender gay or bisexual men. And discrimination in the healthcare system itself could also contribute to disparities.
While the data indicate gay and bisexual men are at elevated risk of heart attacks compared to heterosexual men, individual lifestyle choices, genetic factors, and healthcare biases also likely play important roles.
Further research should clarify the precise magnitudes of risk across diverse LGBTQ populations. In the meantime, raising community awareness and improving cultural competence in cardiology remain important steps.
Gay Wellness & LGBT Health
SMOKING
While cigarette smoking has declined in the general population, smoking rates remain disproportionately high among gay and bisexual men. Statistics and real-world perspectives help illustrate the severity of this health disparity.
According to a 2020 meta-analysis, gay and bisexual men are 2.4 times more likely to smoke compared to heterosexual men. Approximately 25% of gay and bisexual men smoke versus only 15% of straight men. Studies also show higher smoking frequency and intensity among LGBTQ smokers.
Jeffrey, a gay man who smoked a pack daily for 20 years, was recently diagnosed with lung cancer at age 52. Despite aggressive treatment, the prognosis is poor. Jeffrey now struggles with shortness of breath, chronic coughing, and relies on oxygen support.
Andre, is a bisexual man who passed away at age 46 from advanced COPD after smoking since his teens. In his final years, Andre was frequently hospitalized for infections, could not work or care for his family, and required round-the-clock oxygen.
While cigarettes' direct biological effects are well established, researchers believe unique psychosocial factors in the LGBTQ community drive higher tobacco use. Studies show gay and bisexual individuals experience more psychological distress related to discrimination. Smoking frequently becomes an unhealthy coping mechanism.
Additionally, targeted marketing by tobacco companies contributes. Analyses reveal the LGBTQ community is actively exploited as a consumer market by the tobacco industry. Messaging portrays smoking as glamorous while linking it to gay culture and identity. This normalizes tobacco use among LGBTQ youth who already experience higher rates of substance abuse.
Research demonstrates significantly higher rates of cigarette smoking among gay and bisexual men compared to heterosexual men - leading to disproportionate burdens of lung cancer, COPD, and other smoking-related diseases. Reducing these disparities will require multifaceted strategies to address psychosocial stressors, exploitative marketing practices, and varied patient needs around tobacco cessation.
| Smoking Frequency | Cigarettes/Packs | Symptoms | Recommended Interventions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Occasional | < 1 cigarette/day | Minimal or no symptoms; occasional cravings | Behavioral counseling; nicotine replacement therapy (as needed) |
| Regular | 1-10 cigarettes/day | Increased cravings; mild withdrawal symptoms (e.g., irritability, anxiety); early signs of respiratory changes | Behavioral counseling; nicotine replacement therapy; possible prescription medication (e.g., varenicline, bupropion) |
| Mid/Moderate | Half to one pack/day | Persistent cough; shortness of breath; increased withdrawal symptoms; noticeable health impacts (e.g., reduced fitness); early signs of cardiovascular strain | Intensive behavioral counseling; nicotine replacement therapy; prescription medication; evaluation for early signs of smoking-related health changes |
| Heavy | > One pack/day | Severe cough; frequent respiratory infections; significant shortness of breath; strong dependency; high risk of smoking-related diseases including lung cancer, COPD, cardiovascular diseases, various other cancers, reproductive and oral health issues, and osteoporosis | Intensive behavioral counseling; nicotine replacement therapy; prescription medication; regular health screenings for smoking-related diseases (e.g., lung cancer, COPD, cardiovascular diseases); specialized interventions as needed for detected conditions |
Gay Wellness & LGBT Health
Why Do Gay People Get HIV?
LGBTQ HEALTH: HIV
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a huge health concern for gay men. Statistically, the rates of HIV transmission are notably higher in gay men than compared to others. But why, you ask? Well, it comes down to a few key reasons.
One major factor is the kind of sex we have. Anal sex has a higher risk for transmitting HIV if one of the partners is HIV positive and not on treatment. Here's a number that'll grab your attention: The CDC states that anal sex is 18 times more risky for HIV transmission compared to vaginal sex. And if there are any sores or cuts, even tiny ones you might not notice, the virus has an easier ticket into the body.
STI's Can Increase Risk of HIV Transmission by 500%
Now, here's a nuance that doesn't get enough spotlight: The role of STIs. If a guy has an STI, it can up the chances of both getting and passing on HIV. It's like leaving the door wide open for HIV to waltz in. In fact, studies have shown that STIs can increase the risk of HIV transmission by two to five times.
What's The Likelihood That You'll Get HIV?
The risk of contracting HIV can vary significantly depending on whether you're the "top" (the insertive partner) or the "bottom" (the receptive partner). Here's the breakdown:
- Bottom (Receptive Partner): 1.43% The risk of getting HIV is generally higher for the bottom during unprotected anal sex. This is because the lining of the rectum is thin and can easily get small tears or openings during intercourse, providing a direct pathway for HIV to enter the bloodstream. According to some estimates, the per-act risk for the receptive partner in anal intercourse is about 1.43% if the insertive partner is HIV-positive.
- Top (Insertive Partner): 0.11% The top has a lower risk compared to the bottom, but it's still there. The risk is lower because the skin of the penis is thicker and less likely to tear, reducing the likelihood of HIV entering the body. The estimated per-act risk for the insertive partner in unprotected anal sex with an HIV-positive partner is around 0.11%.
It's Way Worse Than You Think
That 1.43% risk per time might not sound like much, right? But here's the deal: It doesn't mean if you're the bottom and hook up with 100 HIV-positive tops, your chance of getting HIV is only around 1 or 2%. Nope, it's more like every single time you have unprotected sex, there's a 1.43% chance that HIV could make its way to you.
Think of it this way: The risk doesn't just pile up neatly, like stacking blocks. It's more like a snowball rolling downhill, getting bigger each time. So, the more times you have unprotected sex, the bigger the snowball gets, or in other words, your overall risk of catching HIV goes up way more than just that initial 1.43%. In fact, depending on the number of partners you have the cumulative risk can reach up to 80%.
And if you keep going, having unprotected sex over and over with partners who have HIV, your chances of getting HIV jump up way higher than just that small-sounding 1.43%. How much higher?
The Chances You'll Get HIV Sexually
The Odds of Getting HIV After a One Night Stand
Gay Wellness & LGBTQ Health
Gay Sexually Transmitted Diseases
"Gay STDs"
When it comes to "gay STIs" (an unnecessary but cute way of saying STIs that affect gay men), there's a sea of myths that need dispelling. Let's tackle this head-on with some hard facts and figures, because who doesn't love a good debunking session?
Myth #1: "If I use condoms religiously, I'm 100% safe from STIs, right?"
Hold up. While condoms are heroes in our fight against STIs, they're not an impenetrable fortress. According to the CDC, condoms are about 98% effective when used consistently and correctly, but real-world use drops that efficacy to about 85%. And remember, some STIs like HPV and herpes can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, areas not typically covered by condoms.
Myth #2: "STIs will make themselves known, so I'll know if I have one."
Wishful thinking, but no dice. The American Sexual Health Association notes that many STIs, including chlamydia and gonorrhea, can be asymptomatic in up to 80% of women and a significant percentage of men. This means you could be carrying and spreading these "gay sexually transmitted diseases" without any signs for months, or even years.
Myth #3: "Oral sex is risk-free, so no STIs there."
Not quite. The New England Journal of Medicine reveals that oral sex can transmit STIs like syphilis, gonorrhea, and HPV. In fact, gonorrhea has a knack for the throat, making pharyngeal gonorrhea an increasingly common concern.
Diving Deeper
- Gonorrhea: This STI can be a silent invader, with up to 10% of men and nearly 50% of women not showing symptoms, according to the CDC. When symptoms do appear, it can take up to 14 days post-exposure.
- Chlamydia: Another stealthy STI, chlamydia remains symptom-free in about 70% of infected women and 50% of infected men, as per the CDC. It's a major cause of infertility if left untreated.
- Syphilis: Known for its chameleon-like symptoms, syphilis infections have surged by 74% among gay and bisexual men from 2015 to 2019, according to the CDC. Its primary stage can start with a single sore, often unnoticed, and if untreated, can progress to affect the heart and brain years later.
- Herpes (HSV-2): While herpes symptoms can be mild or nonexistent, the WHO estimates that 491 million people aged 15-49 worldwide have HSV-2, the strain commonly associated with genital herpes.
- Gay Men and HPV: HPV is so common that the CDC states nearly all sexually active men and women get it at some point in their lives. The saving grace? Vaccination. The HPV vaccine for gay men can prevent over 90% of HPV-related cancers.
The takeaway here is clear: When it comes to gay men and STDs, the troubles are not to be underestimated. Regular screening, informed by real data and adherence to safe sex practices, is non-negotiable. Let's not let myths undermine our health. Knowledge, backed by solid numbers, is our best defense in the ongoing journey toward sexual wellness and responsibility.
Here's the good news:
While STIs can indeed be sneaky, in a lot of cases, your body will wave some red flags. And when it does, that's your cue to take action, not a signal to panic.
Think about it: that itch, the unexpected bump, or the slight tingle—it's not the end of the world; it's your body's way of saying, "Hey, something's up. Let's check it out." And here's the kicker: most STIs are, in fact, pretty manageable, especially when caught early.
Take chlamydia and gonorrhea, for instance. They might ghost on the symptom front for some, but when they do decide to show up, they're not exactly subtle. The good news? A simple course of antibiotics is often all it takes to show them the door. We're talking about medications like azithromycin or doxycycline for chlamydia and ceftriaxone for gonorrhea. Follow the doc's orders, and you're usually good as new.
And syphilis? Those quirky rashes and sores are your sign to hustle to the healthcare provider. Penicillin, the old-school wonder drug, steps up here and can clear things up with just a shot or two for early-stage syphilis.
Herpes and HPV can seem a bit more daunting, given their viral nature and knack for sticking around. But even here, it's not all doom and gloom. Antiviral meds like acyclovir or valacyclovir for herpes can dial down the outbreaks and cut the transmission risk. As for HPV, while there's no treatment for the virus itself, the problems it causes (like warts and precancerous changes) can be tackled effectively. Plus, the HPV vaccine is a game-changer, offering a shield against the most troublesome strains.
So, yes, STIs can be a drag, but they're not a dead end. The key is staying in tune with your body and being proactive. Feel something odd? See something new? Don't wait it out; get it checked. It's all about taking those early signs seriously and getting ahead of the game.
In this light, dealing with STIs becomes less about fear and more about taking charge of your health. It's a call to action, an invitation to be vigilant and responsive. And with the treatments we have at hand, it's a battle we're well-equipped to win. So let's flip the script on STIs—acknowledging their presence but recognizing our power over them. With a bit of awareness and a proactive stance, we've got this.
How Do We Stack Up Against Straight Men?
Not well. Gay men are much more likely to get STIs than straight men. You can see proof here, here, here, and here.
Hepatitis A? B? C? What are the differences? Take a look:
| Aspect | Hepatitis A | Hepatitis B | Hepatitis C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transmission Route | Mainly fecal-oral, rare through sex | Semen, vaginal fluids; efficient through anal sex | Primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact |
| Classification as STI | Not considered an STI | Considered an STI | Not traditionally classified as an STI, but can be transmitted sexually, especially among MSM with HIV |
| Infection Type | Acute, resolves on its own, not chronic | Can be acute; significant proportion become chronic | Mostly becomes chronic; acute infection is rare |
| Specific Transmission Modes | Can spread through oral-anal contact (rimming) | Also spreads through needles, syringes, and from mother to child | Commonly spread through sharing needles, less commonly through sexual contact |
| Risks & Complications | Severe cases can lead to liver failure | Chronic infection can lead to liver cirrhosis or cancer | Can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer |
| Protection | Vaccination and good hygiene practices | Condoms provide protection; vaccination recommended | No vaccine; prevention focuses on reducing risk behaviors and blood screening |
LGBTQ Healthcare
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A
Hep A (Hepatitis A) is the petty Insta queen. Spread through "ew, I can't believe it's not butter" fecal-oral contamination, she'll have you feeling tired AF with nausea, fever, jaundice and livershade. Hydrate, rest, get vaxed. Hep A is fickle - she can be prevented but will probably talk smack about you later.
The Tea on Hep A: Your Need-to-Know Guide
Hep A is that shady queen here to wreak some mild havoc on your liver. She lives for causing some low-level drama, but can totally be prevented from crashing your party. Get the full tea on handling this bossy uninvited guest!
How You Get It:
Hep A spreads her gossip mainly through contaminated food or water. That bathroom door you didn't wash your hands after? Consider it touched! She also passes her nastiness through poo particles, exposure to an infected hen, or a little action between the sheets. This Insta-queen is predictable in how she tries to go viral!
Symptoms Tea:
When symptoms pop up, expect fatigue, nausea, fever, abdominal pain, and jaundice. But Hep A loves slipping into the party all undercover - many infected folks show no signs at all! She worms her way in, stirs up a minor mess, then sashays away leaving you wondering what even happened.
Vaccine Detox:
The best way to shut Hep A's gossip down? Get vaxxed! Recommended for all kids and at-risk adults. It won't stop her from talking smack, but it will keep your body from even listening. Two shots, six months apart, for long-lasting protection. Consider it a social media block for your bod!
Vaccination Effectiveness: The Hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective, offering protection in up to 95-100% of cases after the full course of vaccination (typically two doses).
Outbreak Overview:
Hep A just loooves crop dusting her nastiness via contaminated produce, fruits, veggies and shellfish. One sick hen in the kitchen? You've got a Recipe for Disaster! Recent outbreaks highlight the petty levels she'll stoop to spread rumors and germs.
Spreading the Shade:
Her main goal? Access your bloodstream via:
- Bodily fluids
- Piggybacking on poor hygiene
- Hanging with infected friends
- Sexual contact (her favorite!)
Don't give her the chance to talk smack!
Duration of Drama:
Unlike other toxic queens Hep B and C, Hep A's drama is short-lived. Most recover within months with lifelong immunity. She'll move on to other targets eventually. Use good hygiene to limit her ability to connect new followers!
Gay Wellness & LGBT Health
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B
Hep B (Hepatitis B) is the vaguebook drama mama. Spreading her petty comments through bodily fluids, she's a chronic sass machine. Symptoms range from jaundice to fatigue. Treatments can control her shade but no #cureexists. Test regularly, get vaxxed, her jealous rage knows no bounds!
Hep B is the shady queen who causes long-term liver problems. She's all about chronic indirect drama and vaguebooking statuses. Protect yourself from this frenemy - let's spill the tea!
How You Get It:
Hep B lives for drama and spreading rumors. Her petty ways go viral through bodily fluids - blood, unprotected sex, sharing drug needles or razors. Basically, she's out for blood. This fake friend will even spread through mom-to-baby exposure during birth! Sneaky!
Symptoms Tea:
Hep B serves side-eye indirectly with symptoms like fatigue, nausea, joint pain, jaundice, and loss of appetite. Or she may not show signs at all! Typical mean girl behavior - talking behind your back while acting nice to your face! Don't trust her public image.
Vaccine Detox:
Shut down Hep B's behind-the-scenes antics by getting vaxxed! It's recommended for all newborns and high risk groups. The vaccine blocks her ability to infect liver cells and cause long-term damage. Immunity can last decades - essentially a restraining order on her shadiness!
Vaccination Effectiveness: The Hepatitis B vaccine provides more than 90% protection in healthy individuals after the completion of the 2- or 3-dose series, with immunity lasting at least 20 years and possibly lifelong.
Who's at Risk?
Hep B thrives among those with exposure through work or lifestyle choices. We're talking:
- Healthcare workers
- Sexual activity
- Living with infected persons
- Injection drug use
- Being an adult child of immigrants from endemic regions
She targets anyone, but these groups really get her drama motor running!
Duration of Drama:
Here's the tea: 5-10% of Hep B cases become chronic, continuing to cause liver damage for months or years. She's the ex who keeps texting, never fully going away. A true toxic queen. Maintain healthy habits to avoid her sinking her claws in long-term!
Treatment Tea:
No vaccine exists to eliminate Hep B completely. But medications can help suppress this vocal hater, limiting her power. Lowering her viral levels can reduce chances of developing severe liver issues down the line. Control her, don't let her control you!
Combating Chronic Cases:
If Hep B does go full-blown chronic, turns up the sass to liver failure levels, transplants can replace the damaged organ. Talk about unnecessary drama! Don't let it escalate - stay vigilant with screenings and treatment.
Why Gay Guys Are More Susceptible to Hepatitis B
Hep B Just LOVES Her Some MSM Action - But Why??🤔
MSM are total catnip for drama queen Hep B. Something about those boys loving boys just really gets her petty pot stirring!
It's the 🍑, honey! Anal play provides the perfect portal for Hep B to sneak past the body's defenses. Anatomy 101: the rectal lining is thin AF and tears easily, allowing viruses in. Risky entry points for messy Hep B! 🍆💦
Plus, higher number of partners over time expands possible Hep B exposure. More cooks in the kitchen, more chances one is contaminated and looking to cause trouble! 👯👯
Don't forget other cocktail party STIs living amongst MSM communities too. HIV, the clap, syphil are total BFFs with shady Hep B, rolling deep to wreak havoc. Safety in numbers, even for a mean girl virus! 💉🦠
Sadly, stigma also keeps some MSM from getting vaxxed against Hep B, so her drama spreads unchallenged! 🚫💉 Factor in possible youth risk exposure before vaccines, and it’s a perfect viral storm! 🌪️😫
Lastly, Hep B thrives among tightly-knit friend groups. One infected, drama-loving hen can quickly contaminate her whole squad. A "falling out" takes on a whole new meaning! 👯♀️😷
Let's repeat that in science-speak in case our humor distracted you :)
- Hepatitis B is efficiently transmitted through anal sex - The lining of the rectum is thin and prone to tears, allowing the virus direct access to the bloodstream. Anal sex is common among MSM but relatively uncommon among exclusively heterosexual partners.
- Higher number of lifetime sexual partners - MSM are more likely to have a greater number of sexual partners over their lifetime. More partners means more chances of encountering someone infected with hepatitis B.
- Higher rates of STIs - MSM have higher rates of sexually transmitted infections like HIV, gonorrhea and syphilis. Co-infection with these STIs is associated with increased hepatitis B transmission risk.
- Lack of awareness or vaccine uptake - Some MSM populations have inadequate hepatitis B knowledge or lack of access/adherence to vaccination recommendations. This perpetuates spread.
- Social stigma - Men who have sex with men can face discrimination that makes them less likely to access preventative health services, like hepatitis screening and vaccination.
- Cluster outbreaks - Tight-knit social networks among some MSM communities can promote localized hepatitis B outbreaks and quick transmission between partners.
- Younger age of sexual debut - Younger MSM may engage in unprotected sex with more partners, raising early risk exposure before vaccination.
About 20% of all new Hepatitis B infections in the United States are among gay and bisexual men, according to the CDC. This figure highlights the increased susceptibility of gay men to Hepatitis B compared to the general population, underscoring the importance of targeted prevention efforts, including vaccination and safe sex practices within this community.
HEPATITIS A vs HEPATITIS B
Wait. You can get Hep A and B through sex, right? So what's the difference between the two?
Hepatitis A:
- Mainly spread through fecal-oral route, not commonly through sex. Sexual transmission is rare.
- Not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
- Usually causes acute infection that resolves on its own. Does not become chronic.
- Can spread through oral-anal sexual contact (rimming) via oral ingestion of fecal matter.
Hepatitis B:
- Is considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
- Semen and vaginal fluids can harbor hepatitis B virus and facilitate sexual transmission.
- Higher risk for men who have sex with men (MSM) given transmission efficiency through anal sex.
- Can cause acute infection but a significant proportion become chronic carriers.
- Chronic hepatitis B can eventually lead to serious liver damage like cirrhosis or liver cancer.
- Condoms provide protection against sexual hepatitis B transmission. Hepatitis A is not significantly reduced by condoms.
- Can also spread through non-sexual means like exposure to infected blood. Hepatitis A blood exposure less common.
In summary, hepatitis B is a more common and serious STI spread through sex while hepatitis A is more associated with non-sexual fecal-oral exposure. Proper protection and vaccination are key to reducing both infections.
Gay Men's Healthcare
Hepatitis C
HEPATITIS C
Hep C is the bitter ex who won't stop texting. Also spread through bodily fluids, she creeps in via blood and sharing works. Can cause SERIOUS liver damage, hennies! New treatments cut her off, but get tested if you suspect this frenemy.
Hep C is the shady queen here for some long-term liver damage drama. She's all about that chronic mess and vaguebooking about you behind your back. Protect yourself from this toxic ex - let's spill the tea! ☕️
How You Get It:
Hep C is out for blood, hennies! 🩸Her petty ways spread through bodily fluids - sharing needles, razors, tootsie tools. She creeps in via blood transfusions too! This snake also hides in fluids during sexy times. 🍆💦Sneaky!
Symptoms Tea: 🍵
Hep C serves her side-eye in stealth mode - no symptoms at first! By the time you feel fatigued or notice jaundice, she's already stirred the pot! Typical mean girl behavior - acting nice while destroying your liver! Don't trust her public image.🙅♀️
Who's at Risk?:
Hep C devours marginalized groups like:
- IV drug users 💉
- HIV+ folks
- The incarcerated
- Sex workers
- Baby boomers
She targets the vulnerable and underserved! This queen bee preys on weaker hives for maximum damage! 🐝
Duration of Drama: 🎭
Here's the scalding tea - 75-85% of Hep C cases become chronic! This diva is in it for the long game, slowly attacking your liver while smiling for the 'gram. A wolf in sheep's clothing! 🐺
Treatment Tea: 🍵
New antiviral remedies can help control this vocal hater, improving cure rates up to 90%! Lowering her viral levels reduces long term liver risks. Don't let the drama escalate, stay on top of it! 🙅♀️
Combating Chronic Cases:
If Hep C does fester and rot your liver, organ transplants can provide relief! But don't let it get that far! Avoid her nonsense with testing, lifestyle precautions and prompt treatment. 🚫
Why No Vaccine For Hepatitis C?
There is no vaccine available for Hepatitis C. Prevention of Hepatitis C primarily focuses on reducing the risk of exposure to the virus, particularly in healthcare settings and through behaviors that can lead to blood-to-blood contact, such as sharing needles or other equipment for drug use. Despite significant advances in the treatment of Hepatitis C, which can now cure most cases with antiviral medications, vaccine development has been challenging due to the virus's high variability.
LGBT Healthcare
IBD
IBD
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
We've got some piping hot health tea to spill! 🫖 New medical research reveals gay men face substantially higher risks of getting IBD. 🚨Gather round and get the facts, hennies. This queen is coming for our gastrointestinal gawds! 💩
What is IBD?
IBD = Inflammatory Bowel Disease🧑⚕️ This shady biz causes chronic inflammation to parts of the digestive tract, wrecking gut health! 🫃🏽The two vengeful divas under the IBD umbrella are Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis. 👯♀️They live for attacking the intestines and causing bowel drama! 💥
Gay Men are Two Times More Likely to have Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Yowza! How is this possible!? First, let's get the science down. There at least 4 sources confirming gay men are likelier to get IBD than the rest of the pop:
Who's at Risk?
While IBD throws shade at men and women alike, new research makes it clear gay/bi men get targeted harder! 🏳️🌈Studies estimate the rate of IBD among gay men is more than DOUBLE the rate of het men! 📈 Factors causing this vicious focus on our community are still being studied, hennies! 🕵🏻 But the statistics show IBD has it out for the gays’ precious cargo! 🍆🍑
Symptoms and Signs
IBD is not just a diagnosis; it's a condition that can dramatically alter one's life. Imagine Alex, a vibrant young man who loves to travel. After his diagnosis with Crohn's disease, he found himself constantly searching for the nearest bathroom, plagued by severe abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Or consider Jordan, who had to undergo a partial colectomy due to ulcerative colitis, significantly impacting his physical and mental health.
How do you know if your gut is being held hostage by this shady diva? 👀 Watch for tea like:
🔸 Diarrhea
🔸 Abdominal pain 🫃🏽
🔸 Rectal bleeding 🩸
🔸 Urgency
🔸 Fatigue 😴
🔸 Unintended weight loss 📉
If your bod starts spilling this scalding tea, go see your doctor, Mary! ⏩👨⚕️ because you don't want THIS to happen to you: A partial colectomy.
It's a surgical procedure where a portion of the colon is removed. It's a big deal, especially for someone like Carlos, a gay man who's vibrant, social, and always on the go. Carlos's life took a sharp turn when he was diagnosed with severe ulcerative colitis, a type of IBD that just wouldn't let up despite all the medications and treatments he tried.
After months of battling with unbearable symptoms, his doctors laid it out for him: a partial colectomy was his best shot at getting his life back. It wasn't an easy decision. The thought of losing part of his colon was daunting, and he worried about the aftermath, the scars, and how it would change his daily life and intimacy.
The surgery went well, but the road to recovery was tough. Carlos had to adapt to a new normal. He became more conscious of his diet, his energy levels, and, yes, his bathroom habits changed too.
Without a stoma (a surgically created opening on the abdomen that allows waste to exit the body, bypassing the usual digestive pathways) his focus was on managing bowel function and ensuring cleanliness.
He had to be vigilant about his fiber intake, sometimes using supplements to ensure his stool consistency was manageable and not too loose, which could lead to accidents. He learned to recognize his body's new signals for bowel movements, which could be less predictable than before.
Cleaning involved thorough wiping with gentle, unscented wet wipes to prevent irritation and ensure cleanliness, especially important after loose stools. Carlos also made a habit of taking sitz baths, which are shallow, warm baths for cleaning the perineal area, to soothe the area and maintain hygiene without causing irritation.
Carlos's new routines required patience and adaptation. He had to plan his activities around his bathroom needs and carry a "just-in-case" kit with wipes, spare underwear, and other essentials when out.
A Bag Hermes Will Never Sell
When someone undergoes surgery that includes the creation of a stoma, the end of the intestine (either the ileum in the case of an ileostomy or the colon in the case of a colostomy) is brought to the surface of the abdomen. The visible part of the stoma has a pink or red color, resembling the inside lining of your mouth, and it's moist. Since there are no nerve endings in the stoma, it's not painful to the touch.
The stoma doesn't have a sphincter muscle, so the individual doesn't have control over bowel movements through the stoma. To manage waste, an ostomy bag or pouch is attached to the skin around the stoma to collect feces or urine. Proper care and hygiene of the stoma and surrounding skin are crucial to prevent irritation and infection.
Living with a stoma requires some lifestyle adjustments, but with the right education and support, most people can return to their everyday activities and continue to lead full, active lives.
You don't want this to happen to you, trust us. If you have any inkling of a feeling you may have IBD rush to you doctor. Here are some the things they can do for you:
| Condition | Stage | Symptoms | Solutions (Medications and Management) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crohn's Disease | Mild | Diarrhea, abdominal pain, minimal impact on daily life | 5-ASAs (e.g., mesalazine - mainly for UC), Steroids (e.g., prednisolone, budesonide), Immunomodulators (e.g., azathioprine, mercaptopurine) |
| Moderate | Fever, anemia, significant abdominal pain and diarrhea | Steroids, Immunomodulators, Biologics (e.g., adalimumab, infliximab) | bill.fernandez@mail.com |
| Severe | Frequent pain, discomfort, risk of permanent damage | Biologics, Surgery (e.g., bowel resection, proctocolectomy, ostomy) | candice.gates@mail.com |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Mild | Chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea | 5-ASAs (e.g., mesalazine, sulfasalazine) |
| Moderate | Increased severity of symptoms, impacting daily life | Steroids, Immunomodulators | |
| Severe | Limiting day-to-day function, risk of complications | Biologics, Surgery (e.g., colectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis) |
Spreading the Shade
Doctors haven't pinned down exactly how IBD chooses its gay victims. 🤔 Leading theories connect it to our vulnernable booties being more activated by foreign substances. 🍑🍆Research also links it to gut microbes - so maybe steer clear of tossing too many salads at once, sisters! 🥗👅💦
To be super serious for a mo' there are some theories why gay men are more susceptible to IBD. It's crucial to emphasize, though, that research in this area is still evolving, and no single theory has been definitively proven. Here are some leading considerations:
Sexual Behavior and Gut Microbiota: Certain sexual practices, particularly those involving anal intercourse, could introduce different bacteria or pathogens into the gastrointestinal tract, potentially affecting the gut microbiota. Disruptions or changes in the gut microbiota have been associated with IBD, suggesting a possible link between certain sexual behaviors and increased IBD risk.
Immunological Factors: The transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that might occur more frequently in sexually active gay men could lead to chronic inflammation or immune system activation. This ongoing inflammatory response might predispose individuals to autoimmune conditions like IBD, where the body's immune system attacks its own gastrointestinal tract.
Psychosocial Stress: Gay men might experience higher levels of psychosocial stress due to factors like stigma, discrimination, or social isolation. Chronic stress is known to affect the immune system and could contribute to the development or exacerbation of autoimmune diseases, including IBD.
Healthcare Access and Utilization: There might be disparities in healthcare access and utilization among gay men, potentially leading to underdiagnosis or delayed treatment of initial gastrointestinal symptoms. This could allow IBD to progress more significantly before being properly treated.
Genetic and Environmental Interactions: While not specific to gay men, the complex interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental factors (including lifestyle and behavioral factors) plays a crucial role in the development of IBD. Certain behaviors or exposures more common among gay men might interact with genetic vulnerabilities to increase IBD risk.
HIV and Immune System Modulation: For gay men living with HIV, especially those with uncontrolled or advanced disease, there might be implications for immune system function that could influence the risk of developing autoimmune conditions like IBD. However, with effective antiretroviral therapy, the impact of HIV on IBD risk might be less significant.
It's important to approach these theories with caution and recognize that they require further scientific investigation. Correlation does not imply causation, and it's essential to avoid stigmatizing assumptions.
Continued research is needed to better understand the relationship between sexual orientation, behavior, and IBD risk, ensuring that findings are used to improve health outcomes and healthcare strategies for all individuals, regardless of sexual orientation.
Protecting this Peach 🍑
While IBD can be a shady invader, treatments like immunosuppressants, biologics, and diet/lifestyle changes can help control flare ups! 💊Talk to your doc about options to defend yourself against inflammation and discomfort. 👨⚕️
Gay Wellness & LGBT Health
Anal Cancer
Anal Cancer
Anal cancer rates are notably higher among gay and bisexual men compared to straight men. According to the American Cancer Society, anal cancer rates are 17 times higher for gay and bisexual men than for straight men. Why is this the case? Experts have a few theories.
One leading explanation is that receptive anal intercourse can lead to HPV (human papillomavirus) infection. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection and certain strains have been directly linked to anal cancer. BTW, you'll often hear people talk about "rectal cancer in gay men" or "colorectal cancer" but these are not interchangeable terms. Here's a brief explanation of the differences:
- Anal Cancer: Develops in the anus, often associated with HPV and HIV infections, and is less common. It is more similar to cervical cancer in terms of the tissue affected and its association with HPV.
- Colorectal Cancer: Encompasses cancers that develop in the colon and rectum. It is often linked to genetic mutations, lifestyle factors, and, in some cases, inflammatory bowel disease. It is the third most common cancer in the U.S.
- Rectal Cancer: Occurs in the rectum, the last section of the large intestine. It is more common than anal cancer and is often associated with factors such as family history, obesity, and certain diseases. It is a type of colorectal cancer.
Anyhow, gay and bisexual men are more likely to be exposed to HPV through anal sex. The American Cancer Society estimates that 85% of anal cancer cases are associated with HPV infection.
Another factor is that gay and bisexual men are more likely to have compromised immune systems, especially those living with HIV. A weakened immune system has difficulty clearing HPV, which allows the virus to linger, replicate and potentially lead to cancerous changes. According to the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, the rate of anal cancer among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men is estimated to be 80 times higher than the general population.
So what are the numbers? The American Cancer Society estimates there will be 8,580 new cases of anal cancer in 2022. Of these, approximately 5,730 cases will be among gay and bisexual men. Anal cancer rates have been steadily rising over the past two decades, especially among sexual minorities. From 2001 to 2015, cases among gay and bisexual men rose by 2.6% per year.
Treatment options for anal cancer include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. If caught early, the 5-year survival rate is approximately 65%. However, only about 35% of anal cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage. The stage and location of the tumor greatly impacts outcomes. Living with HIV can also complicate treatment and influence remission rates.
Going forward, there are a few things gay and bisexual men can do. First, get an anal cancer screening done during your routine physical, especially if you have multiple sexual partners. Screening involves a digital rectal exam and an anal pap smear. If you are HIV-positive or have a compromised immune system, speak to your doctor about screenings.
Using protection during sex and limiting sexual partners can also reduce HPV transmission risks. Getting vaccinated against HPV is also advised. The Gardasil vaccine protects against the strains most commonly linked to anal cancer. Stop smoking, as tobacco has been tied to increased anal cancer risk as well.
While risks are elevated for gay and bisexual men, catching anal cancer early greatly improves prognosis. Listen to your body, get regular screenings, and talk to your doctor about your individual level of risk. With vigilance, anal cancer does not have to be a death sentence.
Gay Wellness & LGBT Health
Monkeypox Disease
Monkeypox disease is a rare viral infection that's related to smallpox. It got its name because it was first found in laboratory monkeys back in the 1950s.
The monkeypox virus usually spreads through close physical contact, most often through droplets from the nose or mouth. It can cause a rash that turns into fluid-filled blisters or sores. The rash and sores usually show up first on the face and extremities like the arms and legs. Other symptoms are fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, chills and exhaustion.
Now, I know this all sounds scary, but try not to freak out too much. Monkeypox symptoms are often mild, and most people recover within 2-4 weeks without any specific treatment. And we do have vaccines and antiviral meds that can help if someone has a more serious case. So while we need to pay attention and take precautions, there's no need to panic!
monkeypox symptoms
If someone gets infected with the monkeypox virus, they'll usually start to notice symptoms around 5-21 days later. The first signs are often flu-like - fever, headaches, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills and exhaustion. Basically you feel blah and ache all over.
Within a few days of getting the flu symptoms, people typically develop a rash or sores. These can show up on the face, inside the mouth, on the hands, feet, chest, genitals or anus. The sores go through several stages - they start out as flat red spots, then fill with fluid to become blisters, and eventually scab over and fall off.
The rash can be itchy, painful or both. Some people only get a few sores, while others have sores all over their body. The rash tends to stick around for 2-4 weeks. Most people have monkeypox symptoms for 2-4 weeks total before they recover.
monkeypox rash
The telltale sign of a monkeypox infection is a distinctive rash or sores. The rash goes through several stages:
It starts as flat red spots, bumps or blisters that can show up on the face, inside the mouth, on the hands, feet, chest, genitals or anus.
These spots then fill with white or yellow fluid, creating pus-filled blisters or pimples. The blisters are usually firm and round, with an indentation in the center.
Over time the blisters will break open, ooze and crust over into a scab. The scabs eventually fall off as the sores heal.
The rash can be incredibly itchy or painful. Some people only get a few lesions, while others have sores all over their body. The rash tends to appear first on the face and extremities, but can spread elsewhere too.
If you notice an unusual rash or sores, especially if you also have flu symptoms, contact a doctor right away to get tested for monkeypox. The sooner it's treated, the quicker you'll recover.
monkeypox vaccine
Luckily, there are vaccines that can help prevent monkeypox infection. Right now in the U.S., two vaccines are available: ACAM2000 and JYNNEOS.
ACAM2000 is an older smallpox vaccine that also provides protection against monkeypox. It contains a small amount of live vaccinia virus. Because it uses a live virus, ACAM2000 can have some side effects like fever, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue and muscle aches. It should not be given to people with weakened immune systems.
JYNNEOS is a newer vaccine approved specifically for monkeypox. It does not contain any live virus, so it has fewer side effects. It's given in two doses, four weeks apart. Common side effects include injection site reactions, headache, muscle pain, chills and fatigue.
At this time, the CDC recommends JYNNEOS as the preferred vaccine for monkeypox. It can be given both before and after exposure to the virus. Talk to your doctor if you have concerns about monkeypox exposure or want to get vaccinated.
monkeypox virus
Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, which is an orthopoxvirus. That's the family of viruses that also includes smallpox, cowpox and vaccinia viruses.
The monkeypox virus has two distinct genetic clades or branches: the Central African clade and the West African clade. The West African strain is milder and has a lower fatality rate (1% compared to 10% for the Congo basin strain). The current monkeypox outbreak involves the West African strain.
Monkeypox is considered endemic in tropical rainforest areas of Central and West Africa. Periodic outbreaks have occurred there since the virus was first discovered in 1958. The monkeypox virus spreads through close contact and enters the body through broken skin, the respiratory tract or mucous membranes in the eyes, nose or mouth.
Animal hosts of monkeypox include rodents like rats, mice and squirrels. It can spread to humans from a bite or scratch, preparing wild game, or contact with an infected animal's body fluids. The virus does not seem to spread easily between people without close physical contact.
monkeypox transmission
Understanding how monkeypox spreads can help you lower your risk. The monkeypox virus can pass between people a few different ways:
- Direct skin-to-skin contact with someone who has the distinct rash or sores, including intimate physical contact like hugging, massaging, kissing or sex.
- Contact with an infected person's respiratory secretions or saliva droplets, either directly or through contaminated bedding or clothing.
- Touching contaminated objects or surfaces like linens, towels or utensils and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
- Contact with respiratory droplets during prolonged face-to-face interactions (the risk is lower with short interactions).
Pregnant people can spread the virus to their fetus through the placenta. Monkeypox does not seem to spread easily without close personal contact, so your risk from passing strangers or crowded spaces is very low. Good hand hygiene and avoiding close contact with anyone who has symptoms can lower your risk further.
monkeypox cases
The first human case of monkeypox was reported back in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Since then, most cases have occurred in Central and West Africa, with occasional travel-linked cases popping up elsewhere.
In May 2022, several unusual cases of monkeypox started emerging in Europe, North America and other regions without direct travel links to Africa. Cases have now been reported in over 70 countries worldwide. As of August 2022, there have been over 41,000 cases globally, with the majority in Europe and the Americas.
In the U.S., over 14,000 cases have been reported so far across almost every state. Anyone can get monkeypox, but so far most cases are among men who have sex with men. Close physical intimacy seems to be the main route of transmission in the current outbreak. Vaccination and avoiding skin-to-skin contact with unknown partners can help lower your risk.
While the current monkeypox situation is concerning, health experts say this does not seem to be the start of a dangerous new pandemic. The outbreak can likely be contained with targeted vaccination, testing, contact tracing and isolation of cases.
monkeypox treatment
If you come down with monkeypox, stay home and away from others to avoid spreading it. Get plenty of rest and fluids and take over-the-counter medication for fever or pain. Avoid scratching the rash, which can slow healing and lead to scarring.
For most people with mild cases, home recovery takes 2-4 weeks without any specific treatment. Antiviral medications like tecovirimat may be recommended for those at high risk of severe disease, such as people with weaker immune systems.
Severe monkeypox cases often require hospitalization for pain management, treatment of secondary infections, and fluid replacement for lesions in the mouth or genital area. Always call your doctor if symptoms get significantly worse or you have concerns about high-risk factors.
With supportive care and symptom relief, the prognosis for monkeypox is good - over 99% of people survive. However, it's always important to take precautions and talk to a doctor if you suspect an infection. We've come a long way in understanding this virus, and treatment options continue to improve.
monkeypox cases in The U.S.
As of February 8th, 2024, there have been over 53,000 confirmed cases of monkeypox reported globally this year. The United States continues to have the highest number of infections, with over 22,000 cases confirmed nationwide.
California, New York, Florida, Texas and Illinois have seen the highest totals so far. However, cases have now been reported in every state. The U.S. outbreak remains primarily concentrated among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. About 93% of cases are within this demographic.
Outside of the U.S., Spain, Brazil, France, the UK, Germany, Peru and Canada currently have the highest monkeypox totals. Cases are rising quickly in Latin America and the Caribbean as the virus spreads.
One emerging trend is that monkeypox seems to be transmitting more easily outside of Africa than public health experts initially expected. Each infected person is spreading it to an average of 1.2 to 1.8 additional people, higher than transmission rates in Africa.
Monkeypox is also proving resilient on surfaces. Recent lab experiments found live virus particles on clothing, linens, and plastics up to 15 days after contamination. This is significantly longer than smallpox typically persists.
Another concern is that average vaccination rates globally are quite low, around 5-15% of those considered at-risk. Limited vaccine supply and accessibility issues have hampered rollouts. This virus could continue simmering if vaccination does not reach critical thresholds.
Experts warn that stigmatization and avoidance of testing remain obstacles, especially among those most vulnerable. Downplaying risks and symptoms leads to further spread. Targeted education and openness about potential exposure sites are vital.
While monkeypox is rarely fatal (case fatality rate 0.1%), the complications can be severe and painful, especially for immunocompromised patients. There are also risks to pregnant people and children if the virus keeps circulating. Continued vigilance, testing and smart prevention measures remain key worldwide.
Gay Wellness
HEALTH TIPS
In our journey to uncover the nuances of health disparities, we've meticulously sifted through over two dozen health challenges that disproportionately impact gay men, a reality that can cast a somber shadow over the community.
It's a stark revelation, one that could easily tether you to a sense of despair.
Yet, it's in this very awareness that we find a crossroads: succumb to hopelessness, or ignite a proactive stride towards change. Through these insightful health posts, we're here to help you escape the gay serial killers we've been talking about in this article. The healthier you can be, the likelier you can escape their clutches.
Walking After Meals Improves Gut Health
How to Get Out of Being Depressed over HIV
You'll Run More...And Better if You Ditch Your Fitness Tracker
How To Get Over The Stress of "Gay Perfection."
What If You Only Have 20 Minutes To Work Out?
What Studies Say About CBD and Sleep
Is 'Gymtimidation" Stopping You From Working Out?
How The Old Gays Can Keep You Young & Healthy
The Real Reasons You Should Stay Away from Processed Meats
Is "Internal Homonegativity" Secretly Ruining Your Life?
How to Cope With "Intraminority Stress"
U=U Is Beginning To Crush The Stigma of HIV
Do You Want To Be Helped, Heard or Hugged?
Overeating? A Simple Concept Can End It
Are You Making Yourself Hungrier Than You Really Are?
Sunblock: How To Tell If You Haven't Put Enough On
How 'Responsibility Without Blame' Can Ease Your Addictions
Should You Take Ozempic for Weight Loss?
How to Get Your Ass to the Gym
Why You Get Constipated When You Travel
Can Supplements Help You Focus & Stay Sharp?